The following tips will help improve the efficiency and air quality of your ventilation system.

	Deliver Only the Air Needed

		Deliver only the volume of air needed for conditioning the actual load. Variable-air-volume systems offer superior energy performance compared with constant-volume systems with dual ducts or terminal reheat that use backward-inclined or airfoil fans. VAV systems are becoming an increasingly standard design practice, yet even greater efficiency gains can be made through careful selection of equipment and system design. This will also increase air quality.

	Use VAV Diffusers for Comfort

		Use local VAV diffusers for individual temperature control. Temperatures across a multiroom zone in a VAV system can vary widely, causing individuals further from the thermostat and VAV box location to be uncomfortable. Local ceiling diffusers ducted from the VAV box to individual rooms can modulate the amount of conditioned air delivered to a space, eliminating the inefficient practice of overheating or overcooling spaces to ensure the comfort of all occupants. VAV diffusers require low duct static pressures—0.25 inches of water column (62 Pa) or less—and thus save on fan energy. This will also increase air quality.

	Increase Duct Size

		Increase duct size to reduce duct pressure drop and fan speed. Eliminate resistance in the duct system by improving the aerodynamics of the flow paths and avoiding sharp turns in duct routing. Increasing the size of ducting where possible allows reductions in air velocity, which in turn permit reductions in fan speed and yield substantial energy savings. This increases air quality. Small increases in duct diameter can yield large pressure drop and fan energy savings, because the pressure drop in ducts is proportional to the inverse of duct diameter to the fifth power. This will also increase air quality.

	Use Low-Face-Velocity Air Handlers

		Specify low-face-velocity air handlers to reduce air velocity across coils. Oversizing the air handler increases the cross-sectional area of the airflow, allowing the delivery of the same required airflow at a slower air speed for only a relatively small loss of floor space. The pressure drop across the coils decreases with the square of the air speed, allowing the use of a smaller fan and smaller VFD, thus reducing the first-costs of those components. Air traveling at a lower velocity remains in contact with cooling coils longer, allowing warmer chilled water temperatures. This increases air quality and can yield substantial compounded savings through downsizing of the chilled water plant (as long as all air-handling units in a facility are sized with these design strategies in mind).

	Don't Oversize Fans

		Size fans correctly and install VFDs on fan motors. Replace oversized fans with units that match the load. Electronically control the fan motor's speed and torque to continually match fan speed with changing building-load conditions. Electronic control of the fan speed and airflow can replace inefficient mechanical controls, such as inlet vanes or outlet dampers.This increases air quality.

	Eliminate Ducting


		Use the displacement method for special facility types. Displacement ventilation systems can largely eliminate the need for ducting by supplying air through a floor plenum and using a ceiling plenum or ceiling ducts as the return. This increases air quality. With raised (access) floors providing the air delivery characteristics, the conditioned supply air does not have to be chilled as much, resulting in additional energy savings.

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